Dihydrokavain

Dihydrokavain
Names

IUPAC name 4-methoxy-2-phenethyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one
Other names Dihydrokawain Marindinin
Identifiers
CAS Number	587-63-3^N 19451-52-6^N 19902-90-0^N 24576-85-0^N 3384-26-7^N
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	88817^N
PubChem	98356
InChI InChI=1S/C14H16O3/c1-16-13-9-12(17-14(15)10-13)8-7-11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-6,10,12H,7-9H2,1H3^N Key: VOOYTQRREPYRIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N^N InChI=1/C14H16O3/c1-16-13-9-12(17-14(15)10-13)8-7-11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-6,10,12H,7-9H2,1H3 Key: VOOYTQRREPYRIW-UHFFFAOYAX
SMILES COC1=CC(=O)OC(C1)CCC2=CC=CC=C2
Properties
Chemical formula	C₁₄H₁₆O₃
Molar mass	232.27 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references

Dihydrokavain is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant.^[1] It appears to contribute significantly to the anxiolytic effects of kava, based on a study in chicks.^[2]

References

↑ Malani, Joji (2002-12-03). "Evaluation of the effects of Kava on the Liver" (PDF). Fiji School of Medicine. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
↑ Feltenstein, MW; LC Lambdin; M Ganzera; H Ranjith; W Dharmaratne; NP Nanayakkara; IA Khan; KJ Sufka (March 2003). "Anxiolytic properties of Piper methysticum extract samples and fractions in the chick social-separation-stress procedure.". Phytotherapy Research: PTR. 17 (3): 210–216. doi:10.1002/ptr.1107. PMID 12672148.

Kava

History

Chemical composition

Kavalactones	Desmethoxyyangonin Dihydrokavain Dihydromethysticin Kavain Methysticin Yangonin

Flavokavains	Flavokavain A Flavokavain B Flavokavain C

Other	Pipermethystine

Dopamine receptor modulators

D₁-like

Agonists

Benzazepines 6-Br-APB Fenoldopam SKF-38,393 SKF-77,434 SKF-81,297 SKF-82,958 SKF-83,959 Trepipam

Ergolines Cabergoline CY-208,243 Dihydroergocryptine LEK-8829 Lisuride Pergolide Terguride

Dihydrexidine derivatives A-77636 A-86929 Adrogolide (ABT-431, DAS-431) Dihydrexidine Dinapsoline Dinoxyline Doxanthrine

Phenethylamines Deoxyepinephrine (N-methyldopamine, epinine) Dopexamine Etilevodopa Ibopamine L-DOPA (levodopa) Melevodopa L-Phenylalanine L-Tyrosine XP21279

Others A-68930 Apomorphine Isocorypalmine Nuciferine Propylnorapomorphine Rotigotine SKF-89,145 SKF-89,626 Stepholidine Tetrahydropalmatine

Antagonists

Typical antipsychotics Butaclamol Chlorpromazine Chlorprothixene Flupentixol (flupenthixol) (+melitracen) Fluphenazine Loxapine Perphenazine (+amitriptyline) Pifluthixol Thioridazine Thiothixene Trifluoperazine (+tranylcypromine) Zuclopenthixol

Atypical antipsychotics Asenapine Clorotepine Clotiapine Clozapine DHA-clozapine Fluperlapine Iloperidone Norclozapine Norquetiapine Olanzapine (++fluoxetine) Paliperidone Quetiapine Risperidone Tefludazine Zicronapine Ziprasidone Zotepine

Others Ecopipam EEDQ Metitepine (methiothepin) SCH-23390

D₂-like

Agonists

Adamantanes Amantadine Memantine Rimantadine

Aminotetralins 5-OH-DPAT 7-OH-DPAT 8-OH-PBZI Rotigotine UH-232

Ergolines Bromocriptine Cabergoline Dihydroergocryptine Epicriptine Lisuride LSD Pergolide Terguride

Dihydrexidine derivatives 2-OH-NPA Ciladopa Dihydrexidine Dinoxyline N,N-Propyldihydrexidine

Phenethylamines Deoxyepinephrine (N-methyldopamine, epinine) Dopexamine Etilevodopa Ibopamine L-DOPA (levodopa) L-Phenylalanine L-Tyrosine Melevodopa XP21279

Atypical antipsychotics Alentemol (U-66444B) Aripiprazole (+sertraline) Aripiprazole lauroxil Bifeprunox Brexpiprazole Cariprazine F-15063 Lumateperone Norclozapine RP5063

Others A-412,997 ABT-670 ABT-724 Adrafinil Aplindore Apomorphine Arketamine Armodafinil BP-897 Captodiame CP-226,269 Dizocilpine Esketamine Flibanserin GSK-789,472 Ketamine Mesulergine Modafinil OSU-6162 Pardoprunox Phencyclidine PD-128,907 PD-168,077 PF-219,061 PF-592,379 Piribedil Pramipexole Propylnorapomorphine Pukateine Quinagolide Quinelorane Quinpirole RDS-127 Ro10-5824 Ropinirole Roxindole Salvinorin A SKF-83,959 Sumanirole Talipexole Umespirone WAY-100,635

Antagonists

Typical antipsychotics Acepromazine Acetophenazine Azaperone Benperidol Bromperidol Butaclamol Butaperazine Chloracizine Clopenthixol Chlorproethazine Chlorpromazine Chlorprothixene Ciclindole Clothixamide Clopimozide Droperidol Fluacizine Fluanisone Flucindole Fluotracen Flupentixol (flupenthixol) (+melitracen) Fluphenazine Fluprothixene Fluspirilene Haloperidol Homopipramol Lenperone Levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine) Levosulpiride Loxapine Mesoridazine Moperone Naranol Nemonapride Penfluridol Perathiepin Perazine Pericyazine (periciazine) Perphenazine (+amitriptyline) Piflutixol (pifluthixol) Pimozide Pipamperone Prochlorperazine Promazine Prothipendyl Spiperone (spiroperidol) Sulforidazine Sulpiride Sultopride Teflutixol Thiopropazate Thioproperazine Thioridazine Thiothixene Timiperone Trifluoperazine (+tranylcypromine) Triflupromazine Trifluperidol Zetidoline Zuclopenthixol

Atypical antipsychotics Amisulpride Asenapine BL-1020 Blonanserin Carpipramine Cinuperone Clocapramine Clorotepine Clotiapine (clothiapine) Clozapine Cyamemazine DHA-clozapine Dixyrazine Elopiprazole Flumezapine Fluperlapine Gevotroline Iloperidone Lurasidone Mazapertine Melperone Molindone Mosapramine Ocaperidone Olanzapine (+fluoxetine) Paliperidone Perospirone Piperacetazine Pipotiazine Piquindone Quetiapine Remoxipride Risperidone Sertindole Tefludazine Tenilapine Tiospirone Veralipride Zicronapine Ziprasidone Zotepine

Antiemetics/gastroprokinetics/sedatives Aceprometazine AS-8112 Alimemazine Alizapride Benzquinamide Bromopride Clebopride Domperidone Eticlopride Hydroxyzine Itopride Metoclopramide Metopimazine Promethazine Thiethylperazine Trimethobenzamide

Antidepressants Amoxapine Nefazodone Opipramol Propiomazine Trimipramine

Others Azapride Buspirone Desmethoxyfallypride EEDQ F-15063 Fallypride Fananserin Fenfluramine GSK-789,472 Iodobenzamide Isocorypalmine L-741,626 L-745,870 Levofenfluramine LEK-8829 Metergoline Metitepine (methiothepin) N-Methylspiperone Nafadotride Nuciferine PNU-99,194 Pridopidine Raclopride Sarizotan SB-277,011-A Seridopidine Sonepiprazole Spiroxatrine Stepholidine SV-293 Tetrahydropalmatine Tiapride UH-232 Yohimbine

See also: Adrenergics

Melatonergics

Serotonergics

Monoamine reuptake and release modulators

Monoamine metabolism modulators

Monoamine neurotoxins

GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulators

Alcohols	Brometone Butanol Chloralodol Chlorobutanol (cloretone) Ethanol (drinking alcohol) Ethchlorvynol Isobutanol Isopropanol Menthol Methanol Methylpentynol Pentanol Petrichloral Propanol tert-Butanol (2M2P) tert-Pentanol (2M2B) Tribromoethanol Trichloroethanol Triclofos Trifluoroethanol

Barbiturates	(-)-DMBB Allobarbital Alphenal Amobarbital Aprobarbital Barbexaclone Barbital Benzobarbital Benzylbutylbarbiturate Brallobarbital Brophebarbital Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital Butalbital Buthalital Butobarbital Butallylonal Carbubarb CP-1414S Crotylbarbital Cyclobarbital Cyclopentobarbital Difebarbamate Enallylpropymal Ethallobarbital Eterobarb Febarbamate Heptabarb Heptobarbital Hexethal Hexobarbital Metharbital Methitural Methohexital Methylphenobarbital Narcobarbital Nealbarbital Pentobarbital Phenallymal Phenobarbital Phetharbital Primidone Probarbital Propallylonal Propylbarbital Proxibarbital Reposal Secobarbital Sigmodal Spirobarbital Talbutal Tetrabamate Tetrabarbital Thialbarbital Thiamylal Thiobarbital Thiobutabarbital Thiopental Thiotetrabarbital Valofane Vinbarbital Vinylbital

Benzodiazepines	2-Oxoquazepam 3-Hydroxyphenazepam Adinazolam Alprazolam Arfendazam Avizafone Bentazepam Bretazenil Bromazepam Brotizolam Camazepam Carburazepam Chlordiazepoxide Ciclotizolam Cinazepam Cinolazepam Clazolam Climazolam Clobazam Clonazepam Clonazolam Clorazepate Clotiazepam Cloxazolam Cyprazepam Delorazepam Demoxepam Diazepam Diclazepam Doxefazepam Elfazepam Estazolam Ethyl carfluzepate Ethyl dirazepate Ethyl loflazepate Etizolam EVT-201 FG-8205 Fletazepam Flubromazepam Flubromazolam Fludiazepam Flunitrazepam Flurazepam Flutazolam Flutemazepam Flutoprazepam Fosazepam Gidazepam Halazepam Haloxazolam Iclazepam Imidazenil Irazepine Ketazolam Lofendazam Lopirazepam Loprazolam Lorazepam Lormetazepam Meclonazepam Medazepam Menitrazepam Metaclazepam Mexazolam Midazolam Motrazepam N-Desalkylflurazepam Nifoxipam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazepate Nitrazolam Nordazepam Nortetrazepam Oxazepam Oxazolam Phenazepam Pinazepam Pivoxazepam Prazepam Premazepam Proflazepam Pyrazolam QH-II-66 Quazepam Reclazepam Remimazolam Rilmazafone Ripazepam Ro48-6791 Ro48-8684 SH-053-R-CH3-2′F Sulazepam Temazepam Tetrazepam Tolufazepam Triazolam Triflubazam Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904) Tuclazepam Uldazepam Zapizolam Zolazepam Zomebazam

Carbamates	Carisbamate Carisoprodol Clocental Cyclarbamate Difebarbamate Emylcamate Ethinamate Febarbamate Felbamate Hexapropymate Lorbamate Mebutamate Meprobamate Nisobamate Pentabamate Phenprobamate Procymate Styramate Tetrabamate Tybamate

Flavonoids	6-Methylapigenin Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin) Apigenin Baicalein Baicalin Catechin EGC EGCG Hispidulin Linarin Luteolin Rc-OMe Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin) Wogonin

Imidazoles	Etomidate Metomidate Propoxate

Kava constituents	10-Methoxyyangonin 11-Methoxyyangonin 11-Hydroxyyangonin Desmethoxyyangonin 11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain 7,8-Dihydroyangonin Kavain 5-Hydroxykavain 5,6-Dihydroyangonin 7,8-Dihydrokavain 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin 5,6-Dehydromethysticin Methysticin 7,8-Dihydromethysticin Yangonin

Monoureides	Acecarbromal Apronal (apronalide) Bromisoval Carbromal Capuride Ectylurea

Neuroactive steroids	Acebrochol Allopregnanolone (SAGE-547) Alfadolone Alfaxalone Anabolic steroids 3α-Androstanediol Androstenol Androsterone Cholesterol DHDOC 3α-DHP 5α-DHP 5β-DHP DHT Etiocholanolone Ganaxolone Hydroxydione Minaxolone Org 20599 Org 21465 Pregnanolone (eltanolone) Progesterone Renanolone SAGE-105 SAGE-217 SAGE-324 SAGE-516 SAGE-689 SAGE-872 Testosterone THDOC

Nonbenzodiazepines	β-Carbolines: Abecarnil Gedocarnil Harmane SL-651,498 ZK-93423; Cyclopyrrolones: Eszopiclone Pagoclone Pazinaclone Suproclone Suriclone Zopiclone; Imidazopyridines: Alpidem DS-1 Necopidem Saripidem Zolpidem; Pyrazolopyrimidines: Divaplon Fasiplon Indiplon Lorediplon Ocinaplon Panadiplon Taniplon Zaleplon; Others: Adipiplon CGS-8216 CGS-9896 CGS-13767 CGS-20625 CL-218,872 CP-615,003 CTP-354 ELB-139 GBLD-345 JM-1232 L-838,417 Lirequinil (Ro41-3696) NS-2664 NS-2710 NS-11394 Pipequaline ROD-188 RWJ-51204 SB-205,384 SX-3228 TGSC01AA TP-003 TPA-023 TP-13 U-89843A U-90042 Viqualine Y-23684

Phenols	Fospropofol Propofol Thymol

Piperidinediones	Glutethimide Methyprylon Piperidione Pyrithyldione

Pyrazolopyridines	Cartazolate Etazolate ICI-190,622 Tracazolate

Quinazolinones	Afloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone Etaqualone Mebroqualone Mecloqualone Methaqualone Methylmethaqualone Nitromethaqualone SL-164

Volatiles/gases	Acetone Acetophenone Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate Aliflurane Benzene Butane Butylene Centalun Chloral Chloral betaine Chloral hydrate Chloroform Cryofluorane Desflurane Dichloralphenazone Dichloromethane Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethyl chloride Ethylene Fluroxene Gasoline Halopropane Halothane Isoflurane Kerosine Methoxyflurane Methoxypropane Nitric oxide Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Norflurane Paraldehyde Propane Propylene Roflurane Sevoflurane Synthane Teflurane Toluene Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) Trichloroethylene Vinyl ether

Others/unsorted	3-Hydroxybutanal α-EMTBL AA-29504 Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin) Bromide compounds (e.g., lithium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium bromide) Carbamazepine Chloralose Chlormezanone Clomethiazole DEABL Dihydroergolines (e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergosine, dihydroergotamine, ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)) DS2 Efavirenz Etazepine Etifoxine Fenamates (e.g., flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid) Fluoxetine Flupirtine Hopantenic acid Lanthanum Lavender oil Lignans (e.g., 4-O-methylhonokiol, honokiol, magnolol, obovatol) Loreclezole Menthyl isovalerate (validolum) Monastrol Niacin Nicotinamide (niacinamide) Org 25,435 Phenytoin Propanidid Retigabine (ezogabine) Safranal Seproxetine Stiripentol Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal), tetronal, trional) Terpenoids (e.g., borneol) Topiramate Valerian constituents (e.g., isovaleric acid, isovaleramide, valerenic acid, valerenol) Unsorted benzodiazepine site PAMs: MRK-409 (MK-0343) TCS-1105 TCS-1205

See also: GABAergics

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