List of meat substitutes

A patty prepared from crushed soybean, avocado, tomato and beetroot

This is a list of meat substitutes. A meat analogue, also called a meat substitute, approximates certain aesthetic qualities (primarily texture, flavor and appearance) or chemical characteristics of specific types of meat. Many analogues are soy-based (see: tofu, tempeh) or gluten-based.

Meat substitutes: natural, traditional and commercially made

Tempeh is a traditional soy product originally from Indonesia that is prepared by a natural culturing and controlled fermentation process that binds soybeans into a cake form.

• Alpro and Provamel, both usually known for their plant milk range, also offer different vegetarian meat substitutes
• Beanfeast
• Beyond Meat
• Boca Burger
• Falafel, a traditional Middle Eastern bean fritter, believed to have been created by ancient Copts as a meat substitute during Lent
• Fistulina hepatica, common mushroom known as beefsteak fungus
• Ganmodoki, a traditional Japanese tofu based dish similar to veggie burgers
• Gardein
• Gardenburger^[1]
• Glamorgan sausage^[2]
• In vitro meat

Thawed and sliced frozen tofu

• Jackfruit, a fruit whose flesh has a similar texture to pulled pork when cooked
• Koya-dofu (kōya-dōfu, 高野豆腐 in Japanese), freeze-dried tofu that has a taste and texture similar to meat when prepared, common in Buddhist vegetarian cuisine
• Laetiporus, a mushroom which is also named chicken of the woods
• Leaf protein concentrate
• LightLife
• Linda McCartney Foods
• Lyophyllum decastes, mushroom known as fried chicken mushroom
• Meat extenders
• Match Meat
• Mock duck
• Morningstar Farms
• Nut roast
• Oncom
• Okara, used for veggie burgers and croquettes
• Paneer, for example in such dishes as Paneer tikka
• Quorn
• Soy protein

Tempeh burger served in a restaurant

• Tempeh
• Textured vegetable protein
• Tofu, not traditionally seen as a meat substitute in Asia, but widely used for that purpose in the Western hemisphere
• Tofurkey
• Tofurky
• Turtle Island Foods
• Vegetarian bacon
• Vegetarian hot dog
• Veggie burger
• Viana, one of the largest German vegan food manufacturers, offers a wide range of veggie burgers, croquettes, sausages, minced mock meats, up to vegan döner, vegan gyros and deli slices for sandwiches

Mock-meats section, Veganz, Schivelbeiner Straße 34, Berlin, a wide range of Viana and Provamel products is displayed on the left

• Welsh rarebit
• Wheat gluten, also known as miàn jīn in Chinese (traditional: 麵筋, simplified: 面筋, literally "dough tendon"; also spelled mien chin or mien ching), or in Japan fu (麩(ja), lit. "gluten") or seitan (グルテンミート, romanized "gurutenmīto," from the English "gluten meat"), or, rarely, (セイタン, "seitan")

• 
  Sliced nut roast with brussels sprouts
• 
  Veggie burgers prepared from beans being cooked
• 
  Vegetarian hot dog sausages from Germany

See also

• Cheese analogue
• List of bacon substitutes
• List of fermented soy products
• Vegetarian food

References

External links

• Media related to Meat substitutes at Wikimedia Commons

Soy (Glycine max)
General	Soy allergy Soy candle Soy ink Soy molasses Soy paint Soy protein Soybean Soybean diseases Soybean meal Soybean oil
Soy-based dishes	List of soy-based foods Aburaage Agedashi tofu Bai ye Douhua Dubu kimchi Edamame Hiyayakko Kongguksu Kongnamul Mapo doufu Miso soup Sundubu jjigae Tahu goreng Tofu skin roll Yong Tau Foo
Plant milk	Soy milk Soy yogurt Vegan cheese
Meat analogues	Beanfeast Tempeh Textured vegetable protein Tofu Tofurkey Vegetarian hot dog Veggie burger
Sauces and condiments	Soy sauce based Ganjang Ponzu Sweet soy sauce Tamari Teriyaki Tsuyu Yìn yóu Pastes Doenjang Doubanjiang Miso Sweet bean sauce Yellow soybean paste Tương Fermented bean Fermented bean curd Douchi Kinema Tauco Nattō
Various other foods	Mamenori Okara Oncom Soy flour Soy milk based infant formula Soy nut Stinky tofu Tofu skin List of fermented soy products
Biochemicals	Phytoestrogens Genistein Genistin Glycitein Ononin Daidzein Equol (metabolite) O-DMA (metabolite) Daidzin (leaves) Globulins (proteins) Beta-conglycinin Gylcinin PHAs (Lectins) Soybean agglutinin (lectin) Enzymes Beta-amylase Lipoxygenase Cysteine proteases Trypsin inhibitors Kunitz inhibitor Bowman-Birk inhibitor Other Soy lecithin (mix of Phospholipids) Lunasin Unsaponifiables Tocopherols Sterols Antinutrients Phytates Protease Inhibitors Cystatins
Companies	8th Continent Alpro Boca Burger Gardenburger Kikkoman Morningstar Farms Plamil Foods Silk So Good Tofutti Vitasoy Yamasa Yeo Hiap Seng
Other	Yuasa, artisan town of historic soy sauce distilleries Kikkoman Soy Sauce Museum