Timeline of Tabriz

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tabriz, capital of East Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

Earliest account

Part of a series on the
History of Iran
Mythological history Pishdadian dynasty Kayanian dynasty
Ancient period BC Kura-Araxes culture 3400–2000 Proto-Elamite 3200–2700 Elam 2700–539 Akkadian Empire 2400–2150 Kassites c.1500 – c.1155 Neo-Assyrian Empire 911–609 Urartu 860–590 Mannaeans 850–616
Imperial period Median Empire 678–550 BC (Scythian Kingdom) 652–625 BC Neo-Babylonian Empire 626 BC–539 BC Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BC Kingdom of Armenia 331 BC – 428 AD Atropatene 320s BC – 3rd century AD Seleucid Empire 312–63 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC – 224 AD Suren Kingdom 119 BC – 240 AD Sasanian Empire 224–651 Zarmihrids 6th-century – 785 Qarinvandids 550s – 11th century
Medieval period Rashidun Caliphate 632-661 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Dabuyids 642–760 Bavandids 651–1349 Masmughans of Damavand 651–760 Paduspanids 665–1598 Justanids 791–11th-century Alid dynasties 864 – 14th century Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Samanid Empire 819–999 Saffarid dynasty 861–1003 Ghurid dynasty pre-879 – 1141 Sajid dynasty 889–929 Sallarid dynasty 919–1062 Ziyarid dynasty 930–1090 Ilyasids 932–968 Buyid dynasty 934–1062 Ghaznavid dynasty 977–1186 Kakuyids 1008-1141 Nasrids 1029-1236 Seljuq Empire 1037–1194 Khwarazmian Empire 1077–1231 Eldiguzids 1135–1225 Atabegs of Yazd 1141–1319 Salghurids 1148–1282 Hazaraspids 1155–1424 Mihrabanids 1236–1537 Kurt dynasty 1244–1396 Ilkhanate Empire 1256–1335 Chobanid dynasty 1335–1357 Muzaffarid dynasty 1335–1393 Jalayirid dynasty 1337–1376 Sarbadars 1337–1376 Injuids 1335–1357 Afrasiyab dynasty 1349–1504 Marashis 1359–1596 Timurid Empire 1370–1507 Kia'i dynasty 1389–1592 Qara Qoyunlu 1406–1468 Aq Qoyunlu 1468–1508
Early modern period Safavid Empire 1501–1736 (Hotaki dynasty) 1722–1729 Afsharid dynasty 1736–1796 Talysh Khanate 1747–1826 Zand dynasty 1750–1794 Qajar dynasty 1789–1925
Modern period Pahlavi dynasty 1925–1979 Interim Government of Iran 1979–1980 History of the Islamic Republic of Iran 1980–present
Related articles Name Monarchs Economic history Military history Wars Chronology
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• 1500 B.C. - The earliest signs of civilization in the city (Iron Age grave yard in Iron Age museum).^[1]

One of the unearthed thumb in Blue mosque excavation site, 1500 B.C.

• 714 B.C. - Mentioned in Assyrian King Sargon II's epigraph in 714 B.C

Prior to 13th century

• 8th century – Tabriz Bazaar construction begins.^[2]
• 858 – A devastating earthquake happened in Tabriz.^[3]
• 1041 – A devastating earthquake happened in Tabriz.^[3]

13th century

• 1208 - annexed by the army of Kingdom of Georgia under command of brothers Ivane and Zakaria Mkhargrdzeli.^[4]
• 1275 - Marco Polo traveled through Tabriz on his way to China.^[5]
• 1298 – Sham-i Ghazan built (approximate date).^[6]
• 1299 – City becomes Ilkhanid capital.^[7]

14th century

• 1300 – Rab'-e Rashidi (academic center) built.^[8]
• 1305 – Ghazaniyya (tomb) built.^[8]
• 1311 – Masjid-i Alishah built (approximate date).^[6]
• 1314 – Madrasa of Sayyid Hamza built.^[6]
• 1320 – Arg of Tabriz built.^[8]
• 1330 – Dimishqiyya built (approximate date).^[6]
• 1340 – Masjid-i Ustad-Shagird and Alaiyya built.^[6]
• 1356/1357 - City is briefly occupied by the Muzafarrids^[9]
• 1370 – Imarat-i Shaikh Uvais built (approximate date).^[6]
• 1375 – City becomes capital of Kara Koyunlu territory.
• 1392 – City besieged by Timur.^[3]

15th century

• 1406 – Kara Koyunlu in power.
• 1465 – Blue Mosque and Muzaffariyya built.^[6]
• 1468 – Uzun Hasan in power.^[10]
• 1469 – City becomes part of Ak Koyunlu territory.
• 1472 – Capital relocates to Tabriz from Amid.^[11]
• 1475 – Masjid-i Hasan Padshah and Maqsudiyya built (approximate date).^[6]
• 1478 – Nasiriyya built.^[6]
• 1483 – Hasht Bihisht palace built.^[10]

16th century

A 16th-century map of Tabriz, sketched by Matrakçı Nasuh (Ottoman polymath).

A miniature depicted of 2nd Shah of the Safavid dynasty Tahmasp I in Tabriz.

• 1500 – Population: 300,000 (approximate).^[11] The fifth most populated city in the world.^[12]
• 1501 – Safavid Ismail I in power.
• 1514
  • 5 September: City taken by Ottoman Selim I.^[7]
  • Safavids in power.
• 1534 – Ottomans in power.
• 1535 – Safavids in power.
• 1548
  • Ottomans in power, succeeded by Safavids.
  • Capital relocates from Tabriz to Qazvin.^[7]
• 1555 – Persians in power per Treaty of Amasya.^[6]
• 1571 – Uprising.^[13]
• 1585 – Ottomans in power.

17th century

Tauris sketched by Jean Chardin, 1673.

Sketch of Tabriz on 1690.

• 1603 – Safavids in power.
• 1610 – Ottomans in power.
• 1611 – Safavids in power.
• 1635 – City sacked by Ottoman Murad IV.^[6]
• 1636 – Saheb-ol-Amr Mosque built.^[2]
• 1641 – Earthquake.^[10]
• 1655 – Madrasa Sadiqiyya built.^[6]
• 1673 – Population: 550,000.^[11]
• 1676 – Madrasa Talibiyya built.^[6]

18th century

• 1721 – Earthquake kills eighty thousands.^[14]
• 1724 – Ottomans in power.
  • 1724–1725 Ottoman invaders killed about two hundred thousands of city residents.
• 1730 – Safavids in power.
• 1736 – City becomes part of Afshar territory.
• 1747 – City becomes part of Khanate of Tabriz.
• 1757 – Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar takes city.^[15]
• 1762 – City incorporated into Zand realm.^[15]
• 1775 – Earthquake.^[11]
• 1780 – 28 February: Earthquake kills about two hundred thousands of the city residents.^[7]
  • Population: about thirty thousands.
• 1785 – Qajars in power.
• 1799 - Qajar prince Abbas Mirza appointed as the governor of the city.

19th century

• 1808 – Population: 250,000 (estimate).^[16]
• 1826 – Russians take city.^[15]
• 1827 – City becomes part of Russian Empire.
• 1828 – Qajars took power in the city.
• 1830 – Cholera outbreak.^[10]
• 1860 – Tehran-Tabriz telegraph begins operating.^[17]
• 1868 – Constitution House of Tabriz built.
• 1881
  • Population: 165,000 (estimate).^[14]
  • American Memorial School in Tabriz established.

• 
  Tabriz map drawn on 1827.
• 
  Ruins of Ark castle, Eugène Flandin 1841.
• 
  Ruins of Blue Mosque, Eugène Flandin 1841.
• 
  Saheb-ol-Amr Mosque and Quru river, Eugène Flandin 1841
• 
  A house in Tabriz, Eugène Flandin 1841.
• 
  A house in Tabriz, Eugène Flandin 1841.
• 
  Ruins of Blue Mosque, a painting of Jules Laurens, 1872.
• 
  Wedding ceremony of Etezad-ol-Saltaneh in Aali Qapu.
• 
  Hail ceremony to the King Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, during his residence in Tabriz as Crown Prince, Aali Qapu, late 1800s.

20th century

• 1908 - Sardar Homayun Vali Qasem appointed as Tabriz first mayor.
• 1909
  • April 19: Howard Baskerville, the American teacher in Tabriz and a supporter of constitutionals, got killed in battle.
  • April 29: Russians Cossacks take city.^[13]
  • April 29: Monarchists siege of the city failed with arrival of Russian forces.

• 
  Map of the siege of Tabriz during Constitutional Revolution, on September 27, 1908.
• 
  An sketch of revolutionists defending Davachi bridge in London News, Tabriz (May 1, 1909).
• 
  Constitutionals in Tabriz.
• 
  Constitutional forces in Tabriz.
• 
  Ark of Tabriz and US Flag in the days after constitutional revolution, 1911.

• 1910 – Population: 200,000 (approximate).^[14]
• 1911:
  • December: Occupation of Tabriz by Russian army in 1911.
  • December 30: Seqat-ol-Eslam executed with 10 other constitutionals and nationalists by Russian Cossacks.^[18]

Teachers of Memorial School of Tabriz, photographed on 1923.

• 1914 – Jolfa-Tabriz railway constructed.
• 1915
  • Tabriz Occupied by Ottoman forces during Invasion of Tabriz, World War I
• 1917
  • Tabriz Fire Fighting Tower built.^[19]
  • Tavakoli matches factory established as one of the first private factories.^[20]
• 1918
  • 28 February: Russian retreat from Tabriz completed.^{[10] :496}
  • 28 February: Ismaeil Nowbari head of local Democrat party took control of the city.
  • 18 June: Tabriz occupied by Ottoman forces.
• 1920
  • 4 September: Iranian Cossacks take control of the city after retreating of Ottoman forces.^[13]
  • Late summer: Khiyabani's revolution suppressed with help of Cossacks.^[21]
• 1921 – Tarbiat library established.
• 1922
  • 1 February: Major Lahuti's revolt take control of Tabriz.^{[22]:134–142}
  • 7 February: Major Lahuti's revolt crashed. Persian Cossaks take control of the city.
• 1925 – City becomes part of Imperial State of Persia.
• 1934 –
  • Tabriz Municipality Palace built.
  • A major flood caused a lot of damages to central parts of the city, including Ali Qapu.^[23]
• 1937 – City becomes capital of Eastern Azerbaijan province.^[13]
• 1941
  • Tabriz occupied by Red Army as part of Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran.
• 1945
  • November - City becomes capital of Azerbaijan People's Government.

• 
  Soviet artillery units in passing through Tabriz.
• 
  Soviet Tank and troops marching through Tabriz.
• 
  Soviet T-26 Tank passing through main street of Tabriz.

• 1946
  • Soviet troops retreat from the city.
  • November - Azerbaijan People's Government collapsed by Iranian Imperial Army.
• 1947
  • June - University of Azerbaijan established.
• 1950 – Tabriz International Airport begins operating.
• 1951 – Azarbayijan-i ayandah newspaper begins publication.^[24]
• 1956
  • Tabriz National Library founded.
  • Takhti Stadium (Tabriz) opens.
• 1958 – Azerbaijan Museum established.
• 1967 - As a beginning point to industrialization of the city Mashin Sazi Tabriz factory is established.
• 1968 – Iran Tractor Manufacturing Company (the biggest industrial complex in northwest of Iran at the time) established in Tabriz.
• 1969 – Machine Sazi Football Club formed.
• 1970 – Tractor Sazi Tabriz Football Club formed.
• 1973 – Reconstruction of Blue Mosque is accomplished.^[25]
• 1976
  • June: Part of 1976 AFC Asian Cup's final tournament held in Baghe Shomal stadium, Tabriz.^[26]
• 1977
  • December 12: students' protest in University of Tabriz in anniversary of establishment of provincial government of Azerbaijan, was brutally attacked by the military units.^[27]
• 1978
  • February: As part of Iranian refinery complexes Tabriz oil refinery is established.^[28]
  • February 18: The protest against shah became violent after one of the protesters shot dead. This incidence intensified the rise up of people through the country for revolution of 1979.^[27]
• 1979
  • February - City becomes part of Islamic Republic of Iran
  • December - large protest against unfair treatment of Azerbaijani minorities.^[29]
  • Varliq, a quarterly publication Azerbaijani magazine established.^[30]
• 1980
  • March - Protest in support challenging the new constitution suppressed brutally by central government.
  • September - Air strike on Tabriz Airport and Tabriz Oil Refinery by Iraqi Air force at the first day of Iran–Iraq War.^[31]
• 1986
  • Azerbaijan Cycling Tour (race) begins.
  • Shahrdari Tabriz Cultural and Athletic Club formed.
• 1989
  • Sahand University of Technology established.
  • Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University established.^[32]
  • Tiz'houshan high schools established.
• 1992
  • Tabriz International Exhibition begins.^[33]
  • East Azerbaijan province split into a smaller East Azerbaijan province, and Ardabil province.
• 1995
  • May 21 - Student protest against unfair treatment of Azerbaijani minority by IRIB.
• 1996
  • Yadegar-e Emam Stadium opens.
  • Museum of Constitution opens.
• 1998
  • Hossein Farhangpour becomes mayor.
  • Tabriz Petrochemical Co is established.^[34]
• 1999
  • Student protest to support Tehran University's student movement for more political freedom.
  • Tabriz Art University established.

21st century

• 2000 – Provincial TV station of Sahand begins broadcasting.
• 2001 – Ehtesham Hajipour selected as new mayor of the city.
• 2002
  • April: Tabriz Cartoon, an international annual cartoon contest started.
• 2006
  • Alireza Navin selected as new mayor of Tabriz.
  • Amir Nezam House museum^[35] and Iron Age Museum open.^[36]
  • May - Thousands of ethnic Azeris demonstrated in Tabriz against government official newspaper's (Iran) cartoon insulting Azerbaijani minority.^[37]
• 2009 – Gostaresh Foolad Football Club formed.
• 2010 - Bazaar Complex is inscribed as World Heritage Site.
• 2011
  • August: A protest for saving Lake Urmia is suppressed by police.^[38]
• 2012
  • February 18: Construction of the highest building in city, Bloor Tower, is accomplished.^[39]
  • August 11: A major earthquake in Varzaqan shocked Tabriz.^[40]
  • Air pollution in Tabriz reaches annual mean of 40 PM2.5 and 68 PM10, more than recommended.^[41]
• 2013
  • June 15: Thousands of city residents came to streets to celebrate the victory of Iranian moderate presidential candidate, Hassan Rowhani.^[42][43]
  • November: Sadegh Najafi-Khazarlou is selected as the 55th mayor of Tabriz.^[44]
• 2014
  • March 29: Tabriz celebrated the earth hour for the first time by turning off Saat Tower's lights.^[45]
  • December 25: Tabriz Soccer Museum is established.^[46]

See also

• Tabriz history

other cities in Iran

• Timeline of Shiraz
• Timeline of Tehran

References

This article incorporates information from the Azerbaijani Wikipedia, Turkish Wikipedia, and Croatian Wikipedia.

Further reading

• Jean Chardin (1691), The travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia and the East-Indies, through the Black Sea, and the country of Colchis, London: Christopher Bateman, p. 352+ 
• William Ouseley (1823), "(Tabriz)", Travels in various countries of the East; more particularly Persia, London: Rodwell and Martin, OCLC 4198311 
• Evliya Çelebi (1834). "(Tabriz)". Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Century. 2. Translated by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall. London: Oriental Translation Fund. 
• E.A. Brayley Hodgetts (1896). "(Tabreez)". Round about Armenia: the record of a journey across the Balkans through Turkey, the Caucasus, and Persia in 1895. London: Sampson Low, Marston and Co. 
• A.V. Williams Jackson (1906), "Tabriz", Persia Past and Present: a Book of Travel and Research, New York: Macmillan 
• Christoph Werner (2000). "The Amazon, the Sources of the Nile, and Tabriz: Nadir Mirza's Tarikh Va Jughrafi-yi Dar Al-saltana-yi Tabriz and the Local Historiography of Tabriz and Azerbaijan". Iranian Studies. 33: 165–184. doi:10.1080/00210860008701980. 

External links

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