Chautang

Chautang River

Ghaggar-Hakra Sarasvati rivers and tributaries
Native name चौतांग नदी
Country India
Basin
Main source Shivalik Hills, Himachal Pradesh
Physical characteristics
Discharge


The Chautang (Hindi: चौतांग नदी), originating in Siwalik Hills, is a tributary of Sarsuti river which in turn is tributary of Ghaggar river in of Haryana state of India.[1][2]

Origin and route

The Chautang river is a seasonal river in the state of Haryana, India. It is a remnant of the Drsadvati and joins the Ghaggar-Hakra River east of Suratgarh in Rajasthan.[3] This river was one of the main contributors to the Sarasvati river until the Yamuna changed its course.[4] However, according to recent studies, Yamuna changed its course towards east some 50,000 to 10,000 years ago, and that Chautang is a rain-fed river and the Yamuna had not been pouring any water into it for the last 10,000 years.[5]

Identification with Vedic rivers

Several modern scholars identify the old Ghaggar-Hakra River as the Sarasvati river and the Chautang river with the Drishadvati river of Vedic period, on the banks of which Indus-Sarasvati civilisation developed. such scholars include Gregory Possehl,[6] J. M. Kenoyer,[7] Bridget and Raymond Allchin,[8] Michael Witzel,[9] Kenneth Kennedy,[10] Franklin Southworth,[11] and numerous Indian archaeologists.

Gregory Possehl and Jane McIntosh refer to the Ghaggar-Hakra river as "Sarasvati" throughout their respective 2002 and 2008 books on the Indus Civilisation.[12][13]

Gregory Possehl states:

"Linguistic, archaeological, and historical data show that the Sarasvati of the Vedas is the modern Ghaggar or Hakra."[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ AmbalaOnline - Rrvers of Ambala
  2. ↑ Indian Express - Ghaggar and Tangri rivers overflow
  3. ↑ Climates, Landscapes, and Civilizations. John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  4. ↑ McIntosh, Jane. The Ancient Indus Valley: New perspectives. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  5. ↑ Giosan, Liviu; et al. (2012). "Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan civilization". PNAS. 109 (26). doi:10.1073/pnas.1112743109.
  6. ↑ Possehl, Gregory L. (December 1997), "The Transformation of the Indus Civilization", Journal of World Prehistory, 11 (4): 425–472, doi:10.1007/bf02220556, JSTOR 25801118
  7. ↑ Kenoyer, J. M. (1997), "Early City-states in South Asia: Comparing the Harappan Phase and the Early Historic Period", in D. L. Nichols; T. H. Charlton, The Archaeology of City States: Cross Cultural Approaches, Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 52–70, ISBN 1560987227
  8. ↑ Allchin, Bridget; Allchin, Raymond (1982), The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, Cambridge University Press, p. 160, ISBN 978-0-521-28550-6
  9. ↑ Erdosy 1995, pp. 105, 318.
  10. ↑ Erdosy 1995, p. 44.
  11. ↑ Erdosy 1995, p. 266.
  12. ↑ McIntosh, Jane (2008). The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-907-2.
  13. 1 2 Gregory L. Possehl (2002). The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective. Rowman Altamira. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-7591-0172-2.
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